Most service members and their families will see a reduction in their tax bills this year; there are a number of changes in U.S. federal tax laws that they need to be aware of, said Army Lt. Col. Dave Dulaney, executive director of the Pentagon’s Armed Forces Tax Council.

“The last tax year has been quite exciting with all the changes that were made,” Dulaney said.

Pieces of legislation which are expected to affect military taxpayers include the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act; the Veterans Benefits and Transition Act; and the Combat-Injured Veterans Tax Fairness Act.

Tax Cuts for Troops

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act will mean that most service members will see a reduction in federal taxes. There is an overall reduction of three percent for most military families under this act, Dulaney said. In addition, the standard deduction doubled, as did the Child Tax Credit.

“Because of these three things, most of our military families are going to see a substantial reduction in overall tax liability,” he said.

There are also some special provisions that apply to military personnel. Service members who served in the Sinai Peninsula since June 9, 2015, are now eligible for the combat zone tax exclusion.

“This was retroactively applied and what that means is that since taxpayers have up to three years to file an amended tax return to make a claim for refund, those service members who served in the Sinai back in 2015 would be eligible to file an amended tax return, and they need to do it quickly,” he said.

Service members with questions should go to their local tax assistance centers, he added noting that this change should affect about 2,000 service members.

Members of the armed forces are still able to deduct their unreimbursed moving expenses incurred during permanent change of station moves.

There are changes to deductions for travel to drill for reservists.

“Reservists cannot take deductions for drill duty expenses that are under 100 miles,” he said. Those driving more than 100 miles can still take deductions.

Military Spouses

For military spouses, there is a significant change as part of the Veterans Benefits and Transition Act of 2018. “This allows military spouses to elect to use their service member’s state of legal residence for state and local taxes,” he said.

In the past, a spouse may have had to file a different state tax return because they had split legal residences. 

“Our military spouses can now elect to use the legal residence of the military member for purposes of filing their state and local taxes,” he said. “Now military couples will no longer have to file different state tax returns. Additionally, it will reduce the overall tax burden for military families.”

Injured Troops

Finally, the Combat-Injured Veterans Tax Fairness Act has been implemented for veterans who received disability severance pay and had tax withholding applied to the pay. “Now under the tax code, disability severance pay is not taxable under certain situations,” he said. More than 133,000 veterans who have received this pay are eligible for relief under the act.

The veterans have until July to file for a refund.

There are a number of aids for military personnel and their families as they prepare their taxes. Each base has a Volunteer Income Tax Assistance Program office that will help. To find your local office, visit Military OneSource.

The IRS offers information about free tax preparation.

Military OneSource also has information about military tax services in its tax resource center.